Electromagnetic (EM) surfaces, capable of manipulating spatial waves through reflection, refraction, guiding, and absorption, have attracted widespread research and application. To push beyond traditional performance boundaries, our research bridges fundamental EM material engineering with intelligent design methodologies. We explore advanced EM structures—such as wide-angle transmission and/or reflection surface and broadband wide-angle absorbers—rooted in rigorous material and physical principles. Furthermore, we pioneer generative intelligent approaches for EM surface design, specifically leveraging human physical priors and knowledge to drastically reduce the required dataset size and design time.

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